今日目标 | Learning objectives
完成本课后，你应能区分危险与风险，说明风险评估的基本步骤，并针对施工现场情景提出控制措施。
By the end, distinguish hazard from risk, outline a basic risk assessment, and propose controls for a construction scenario.
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核心概念 | Key concepts
可能造成伤害、疾病或损失的来源、情形或行为。
A source, situation, or act with the potential to cause harm.
在特定暴露情境下，伤害发生的可能性及其后果严重程度。具体定义和计算方法应遵循组织程序及适用标准。
The likelihood and consequence of harm in a given exposure context; use your organization’s method and applicable standards.
记忆句 / Memory aid: Hazard = what can cause harm; Risk = how likely and how serious.
风险评估基本步骤 | Basic risk assessment workflow
- 确定作业范围与人员 / Define task, scope and people involved.
- 识别危险 / Identify hazards.
- 确定谁可能受伤及如何受伤 / Identify who may be harmed and how.
- 评估风险并审查现有控制 / Evaluate risk and review existing controls.
- 选择、落实并验证控制措施，记录并复审 / Select, implement, verify, document and review controls.
这是通用学习框架；应结合当地法规、项目程序和具体风险矩阵使用。
施工情景 | Construction scenario
车辆正在倒车进入材料卸货区，行人通道与车辆路线交叉，现场只有警示标志。你会优先建议什么？
A vehicle is reversing into a delivery area where pedestrian and vehicle routes cross. Only warning signs are present. What should be prioritized?
自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题。 / Original practice question, not an official BCSP exam item.
巩固练习 | Quick review
1. Hazard 和 risk 有什么区别？/ What is the difference?
2. 风险评估后，为什么还要验证控制措施是否有效？/ Why verify controls?
学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes
已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete
进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.
可靠来源 | Official references
OSHA — Safety and Health Programs
NIOSH — National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)
本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.
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