来自 昏昏睡睡HSE · From Drowsy HSE CSP DAILY LEARNING · DAY 119

安全预算与成本效益 · 术语精讲 | Safety Budget & Cost-Benefit · Glossary Focus

第 23 块 · Domain 2 · 项目管理 · 25%Block 23 · Domain 2 · Program Management · 25%第 3 / 5 课 · 术语精讲Lesson 3 of 5 · Glossary Focus

本课只做一件事：把「安全预算与成本效益」的 6 个高频英文术语从「眼熟」变成「能用」：定义、易混、例句。

Turn the six high-frequency terms of Safety Budget & Cost-Benefit from familiar to usable: definition, look-alike, example.

本课不涉及：不扩到别的板块的术语，也不考题型技巧。
Not covered here: No terms from other blocks, no question-technique work.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

  1. 为每个术语说出定义，而不是只给中文对应词
  2. 指出每一对易混词差在哪一个限定条件上
  3. 把每个术语放进一句真实的现场英文里

  • Define each term rather than translate it
  • Point to the exact qualifier that separates each look-alike pair
  • Put each term into one real site sentence

    • 图片预览 / Photo preview

    图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时，可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

    术语详解 | Glossary in depth

    Direct Cost / 直接成本
    事故直接产生的可开票费用：医疗、赔偿、保险理赔。
    Invoiced costs arising directly from the incident: medical, compensation, claims.
    易混 / Easily confused：与间接成本不同：直接成本有单据，间接成本藏在工时与生产账里。
    Unlike indirect: direct costs carry receipts; indirect hides in hours and production.
    例句 / In a sentence：Direct costs were covered by insurance. / 直接成本由保险覆盖。
    Indirect Cost / 间接成本
    事故连带损失：停工、再培训、设备损坏、罚款、商誉、士气——常为直接的 2–10 倍。
    Collateral losses: downtime, retraining, equipment, fines, reputation, morale — often 2–10× direct.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「看不见=没有」不同：间接成本只是没人开票，不是不存在。
    Not 'invisible = absent': no one invoices it, but it is real.
    例句 / In a sentence：Indirect costs dwarfed the claim. / 间接成本远超理赔额。
    Expected Loss / 期望损失
    年发生概率 × 单次损失；风险的钱化表达。
    Annual probability × single-event loss; risk expressed in money.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「最坏损失」不同：期望值是加权平均，决策时可再叠加敏感度分析。
    Not the worst case: expected value is a weighted mean; add sensitivity for decisions.
    例句 / In a sentence：Expected loss justified the retrofit. / 期望损失支撑了改造立项。
    ROI (Return on Investment) / 投资回报
    （避免的损失 − 投入）÷ 投入；安全项目的财务语言。
    (Loss avoided − investment) ÷ investment; the financial dialect of safety projects.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「预算执行率」不同：ROI 看效果，执行率只看花钱速度。
    Not budget utilization: ROI reads outcomes; utilization reads spending pace.
    例句 / In a sentence：The interlock's ROI ran three years. / 联锁改造的回收期三年。
    Risk Reduction / 风险削减
    措施实施前后风险值的下降额；排序用的分子。
    The drop in risk value across a control; the numerator for ranking.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「危害消除」不同：削减是量（可比较），消除是质（降到零）。
    Not elimination: reduction is a quantity to compare; elimination is a quality (zero).
    例句 / In a sentence：Each option was scored by risk reduction. / 每个方案按风险削减额打分。
    Cost-Benefit / 成本效益
    把措施成本与其收益（风险削减、合规、效率）放在同一把尺上比较。
    Comparing a control's cost with its benefits (risk reduction, compliance, efficiency) on one scale.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「越便宜越好」不同：效益里含合规与伦理，低于合规线的省钱不是效益。
    Not 'cheapest wins': compliance and ethics are benefits; savings below the compliance line are not.
    例句 / In a sentence：The cost-benefit table settled the debate. / 成本效益表终结了争论。

    情景自测 | Scenario check

    本课理解Lesson comprehension

    这道题考什么：考期望损失概念：历史无事故≠概率为零。
    Tests expected loss: a clean history is not zero probability.

    车间主管反对做概率估算：「我们十年没出过事」。正确的回应是？

    A manager objects to probability estimates: 'nothing has happened in ten years.' The right response?

    自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题，也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

    动手练 | Practice

    1. 给你公司的安全预算按五桶重新归类，标出每桶占比。
    Re-sort your safety budget into the five buckets and note each share.

    学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

    已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

    连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

    进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

    PNG 学习记录预览；可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

    可靠来源 | Official references

    BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

    BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

    BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

    Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

    本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

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