来自 昏昏睡睡HSE · From Drowsy HSE CSP DAILY LEARNING · DAY 179

FTA 与事件树 · 术语精讲 | Fault Tree & Event Tree · Glossary Focus

第 35 块 · Domain 3 · 风险管理 · 15%Block 35 · Domain 3 · Risk Management · 15%第 3 / 5 课 · 术语精讲Lesson 3 of 5 · Glossary Focus

本课只做一件事：把「FTA 与事件树」的 6 个高频英文术语从「眼熟」变成「能用」：定义、易混、例句。

Turn the six high-frequency terms of Fault Tree & Event Tree from familiar to usable: definition, look-alike, example.

本课不涉及：不扩到别的板块的术语，也不考题型技巧。
Not covered here: No terms from other blocks, no question-technique work.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

  1. 为每个术语说出定义，而不是只给中文对应词
  2. 指出每一对易混词差在哪一个限定条件上
  3. 把每个术语放进一句真实的现场英文里

  • Define each term rather than translate it
  • Point to the exact qualifier that separates each look-alike pair
  • Put each term into one real site sentence

    • 图片预览 / Photo preview

    图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时，可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

    术语详解 | Glossary in depth

    Top Event / 顶事件
    故障树分析的起点：一个可判定发生与否的不希望事件。
    The fault tree's starting point: one decidable unwanted event.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：顶事件与危害。顶事件必须具体到可判定（「泵密封泄漏起火」），不是名词（「火灾风险」）。
    Confused with a hazard: the top event is decidable, not a noun phrase.
    例句 / In a sentence：One sentence, decidable. / 一句话可判定。
    AND Gate / 与门
    所有输入事件同时发生才输出的逻辑门，概率近似相乘。
    Outputs only when all inputs occur; probabilities multiply.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：与门是「都要」，或门是「任一」。屏障的逻辑是让顶事件需要 AND。
    AND needs all, OR needs any; good design makes the top event need AND.
    例句 / In a sentence：All must fail. / 全失效才输出。
    OR Gate / 或门
    任一输入事件发生即输出的逻辑门，概率近似相加。
    Outputs when any input occurs; probabilities roughly add.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：OR 支路独立才能相加；共因时实际概率更高。
    Adding assumes independence; common causes push the real number up.
    例句 / In a sentence：Any one is enough. / 任一即成立。
    Event Tree / 事件树
    从初始事件出发、按各屏障成功/失败向右展开的结果谱方法。
    A method spreading right from an initiating event through barrier success and failure into an outcome spectrum.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：事件树向后（果），故障树向下（因）。
    The event tree goes forward into consequences; the fault tree goes down into causes.
    例句 / In a sentence：Barriers to the right. / 屏障排向右。
    Minimal Cut Set / 最小割集
    导致顶事件的最少基本事件组合；一阶割集最危险。
    The smallest set of basic events producing the top event; order-one sets are worst.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：割集与路径集。割集是「怎么坏」，路径集（事件树）是「坏到哪」。
    Cut sets describe how it breaks; path sets describe where it lands.
    例句 / In a sentence：Fewest events to top. / 最少事件通顶。
    Barrier / 屏障
    设在初始事件与后果之间的防线，事件树逐道检验其成功/失败。
    A defence between initiating event and consequence, tested one by one in the event tree.
    易混 / Easily confused：易混：屏障与 IPL。LOPA 的 IPL 要求 PFD≤0.1 且独立，事件树的屏障是更宽泛的防线。
    An LOPA IPL needs PFD at most 0.1 and independence; an ETA barrier is broader.
    例句 / In a sentence：Each branch tests one. / 每个分支验一道。

    情景自测 | Scenario check

    术语辨析Terminology

    这道题考什么：考门逻辑与屏障设计的关系。
    Tests gate logic and barrier design.

    想显著降低顶事件概率，最有效的结构改造是？

    Which structural change cuts the top event probability most?

    自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题，也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

    动手练 | Practice

    1. 检查自己画的故障树：找出所有一阶割集。
    Audit your own fault tree for order-one cut sets.

    学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

    已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

    连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

    进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

    PNG 学习记录预览；可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

    可靠来源 | Official references

    BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

    BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

    BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

    Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

    本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

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