来自 昏昏睡睡HSE · From Drowsy HSE CSP DAILY LEARNING · DAY 74

过程安全管理 · 术语精讲 | Process Safety Management · Glossary Focus

第 14 块 · Domain 1 · 安全原理高级应用 · 25%Block 14 · Domain 1 · Advanced Application of Safety Principles · 25%第 3 / 5 课 · 术语精讲Lesson 3 of 5 · Glossary Focus

本课只做一件事：把「过程安全管理」的 6 个高频英文术语从「眼熟」变成「能用」：定义、易混、例句。

Turn the six high-frequency terms of Process Safety Management from familiar to usable: definition, look-alike, example.

本课不涉及：不扩到别的板块的术语，也不考题型技巧。
Not covered here: No terms from other blocks, no question-technique work.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

  1. 为每个术语说出定义，而不是只给中文对应词
  2. 指出每一对易混词差在哪一个限定条件上
  3. 把每个术语放进一句真实的现场英文里

  • Define each term rather than translate it
  • Point to the exact qualifier that separates each look-alike pair
  • Put each term into one real site sentence

    • 图片预览 / Photo preview

    图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时，可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

    术语详解 | Glossary in depth

    Process Safety Information (PSI) / 工艺安全信息
    化学品的危害、工艺技术与设备三大类书面信息，是 PHA 与操作规程的输入。
    Written information on chemical hazards, process technology and equipment — the input to PHA and procedures.
    易混 / Easily confused：与 SDS 不同：PSI 覆盖整个工艺（反应热、混溶禁忌、设计极限），SDS 只覆盖单一物质。
    Not an SDS: PSI covers the whole process (heat of reaction, incompatibilities, design limits); an SDS covers one substance.
    例句 / In a sentence：The PSI file documented the vessel's design pressure. / PSI 文件记录了容器设计压力。
    Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) / 工艺危害分析
    系统识别与评估工艺危害的方法族（HAZOP、What-if、FMEA、FTA），初始分析后至少每 5 年重评。
    The family of systematic analyses (HAZOP, What-if, FMEA, FTA), revalidated at least every five years after the initial study.
    易混 / Easily confused：与 JHA（作业危害分析）不同：JHA 分析一项作业的动作，PHA 分析一个工艺系统的场景。
    Not a JHA: JHA dissects one job's steps; PHA dissects a process system's scenarios.
    例句 / In a sentence：The PHA team identified two runaway scenarios. / PHA 团队识别出两个失控场景。
    Management of Change (MOC) / 变更管理
    对工艺、设备、参数、组织的一切非同类替换变更进行书面评估与授权的流程。
    The process of formally evaluating and authorising every change to process, equipment, parameters or organisation except in-kind replacement.
    易混 / Easily confused：与维修工单不同：维修恢复原状不算变更；改变原状的才走 MOC。
    Not a maintenance order: restoring the original state is repair; departing from it is change.
    例句 / In a sentence：The pump swap went through MOC. / 这次换泵走了变更管理。
    Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR) / 开车前安全审查
    新装置或变更后开车前的确认：建造与设计一致、程序已更新、培训已完成、PHA 建议已关闭。
    The confirmation before startup of new or modified facilities: built as designed, procedures updated, training done, PHA actions closed.
    易混 / Easily confused：与验收不同：PSSR 审「安全前提是否齐备」，不是商务验收。
    Not commissioning acceptance: PSSR verifies safety readiness, not commercial completion.
    例句 / In a sentence：PSSR closed the last three PHA actions before startup. / PSSR 在开车前关闭了最后三项 PHA 建议。
    Mechanical Integrity / 机械完整性
    对安全关键设备（安全阀、联锁、容器、管道）按书面计划检验、测试与维护，并留记录。
    Inspection, testing and maintenance of safety-critical equipment to a written plan, with records.
    易混 / Easily confused：与「设备完好率」不同：机械完整性盯的是安全功能，不是产能可用性。
    Not uptime: mechanical integrity tracks safety functions, not availability.
    例句 / In a sentence：The relief valve missed its mechanical integrity test. / 安全阀漏过了一次机械完整性测试。
    Compliance Audit / 合规审计
    至少每三年对 PSM 十四要素落实情况的系统核查，发现项须闭环。
    A systematic review of all fourteen PSM elements at least every three years, with findings closed out.
    易混 / Easily confused：与 OSHA 检查不同：合规审计是自我核查，检查是外部监管。
    Not an OSHA inspection: the audit is self-imposed, the inspection external.
    例句 / In a sentence：The three-year compliance audit found MOC gaps. / 三年合规审计发现了 MOC 缺口。

    情景自测 | Scenario check

    本课理解Lesson comprehension

    这道题考什么：考 PSSR 的触发时机：变更后开车前，不是「想起来才做」。
    Tests when PSSR triggers: before startup after change, not when remembered.

    更换反应釜搅拌桨（经 MOC 批准）后恢复开车，开车前必须完成的是？

    After an MOC-approved agitator replacement, what must be complete before restarting?

    自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题，也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

    动手练 | Practice

    1. 把十四要素默写一遍，每要素一个词组；写不出的就是洞。
    Recite the fourteen elements, one phrase each; the blanks are your gaps.

    学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

    已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

    连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

    进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

    PNG 学习记录预览；可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

    可靠来源 | Official references

    BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

    BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

    BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

    Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

    本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

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