来自 昏昏睡睡HSE · From Drowsy HSE CSP DAILY LEARNING · DAY 184

定量风险与 LOPA · 术语精讲 | Quantitative Risk & LOPA · Glossary Focus

第 36 块 · Domain 3 · 风险管理 · 15%Block 36 · Domain 3 · Risk Management · 15%第 3 / 5 课 · 术语精讲Lesson 3 of 5 · Glossary Focus

本课只做一件事:把「定量风险与 LOPA」的 6 个高频英文术语从「眼熟」变成「能用」:定义、易混、例句。

Turn the six high-frequency terms of Quantitative Risk & LOPA from familiar to usable: definition, look-alike, example.

本课不涉及:不扩到别的板块的术语,也不考题型技巧。
Not covered here: No terms from other blocks, no question-technique work.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

  1. 为每个术语说出定义,而不是只给中文对应词
  2. 指出每一对易混词差在哪一个限定条件上
  3. 把每个术语放进一句真实的现场英文里

  • Define each term rather than translate it
  • Point to the exact qualifier that separates each look-alike pair
  • Put each term into one real site sentence
  • 图片预览 / Photo preview

    图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时,可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

    术语详解 | Glossary in depth

    LOPA / 保护层分析
    用初始事件频率×各 IPL 的 PFD 估算后果频率的半定量方法。
    A semi-quantitative method multiplying initiating frequency by each IPL's PFD to estimate consequence frequency.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:LOPA 与 HAZOP。HAZOP 找场景(定性),LOPA 算频率(半定量),常接在其后。
    HAZOP finds scenarios qualitatively; LOPA quantifies them next.
    例句 / In a sentence:Scenario in, frequency out. / 场景进,频率出。
    IPL / 独立保护层
    满足有效性(PFD≤0.1)、独立性、可审计三条件的保护措施。
    A protection meeting effectiveness, independence and auditability.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:IPL 与普通屏障。培训与规程不满足三条件,不算 IPL。
    Training and procedures fail the three tests and are not IPLs.
    例句 / In a sentence:Three tests, one layer. / 三条全过才算一层。
    PFD / 要求时失效概率
    保护层在危险需求到来时失效的概率,如 0.1(十次失效一次)。
    The probability a layer fails on demand, such as 0.1.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:PFD 与失效率。PFD 是无量纲概率,失效率单位是 1/小时。
    PFD is a dimensionless probability, not an hourly rate.
    例句 / In a sentence:Fails one in ten demands. / 十次需求失一次。
    SIL / 安全完整性等级
    SIF 安全仪表功能的安全等级:SIL1 PFD 0.01–0.1、SIL2 0.001–0.01、SIL3 0.0001–0.001。
    The integrity level of a safety instrumented function: SIL1 PFD 0.01–0.1, SIL2 0.001–0.01, SIL3 0.0001–0.001.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:SIL 是功能的等级不是设备的等级——同一台阀在不同功能里等级不同。
    SIL belongs to the function, not the device box.
    例句 / In a sentence:Function, not hardware. / 定级定在功能上。
    Tolerable Risk / 可容风险
    组织以书面标准接受的剩余风险上限,先于任何计算确定。
    The documented residual-risk ceiling an organization accepts, set before any calculation.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:可接受与可容忍。可容忍≠理想,是「不值得再花钱降」的界线。
    Tolerable is not ideal; it is where further spend stops paying.
    例句 / In a sentence:Criteria before numbers. / 先立标准再算数。
    Risk Transfer / 风险转移
    用保险或合同把损失的经济后果转给他方,不改变物理风险。
    Shifting the financial consequence to another party via insurance or contract, leaving physical risk unchanged.
    易混 / Easily confused:易混:转移与消除。保单不减少泄漏频率,只管账单。
    A policy does not lower the leak frequency, only the bill.
    例句 / In a sentence:Money moves, energy does not. / 转的是钱不是能量。

    情景自测 | Scenario check

    术语辨析Terminology

    这道题考什么:考 SIL 的对象。
    Tests what SIL grades.

    「这台阀是 SIL2 的」这种说法准确吗?

    Is 'this valve is SIL2' a sound statement?

    自编练习题,不是 BCSP 官方真题,也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

    动手练 | Practice

    1. 给三个「伪 IPL」写否决理由。
    Reject three fake IPLs in writing.

    学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

    已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

    连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

    进度保存在当前浏览器,不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

    PNG 学习记录预览;可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

    可靠来源 | Official references

    BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

    BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

    BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

    Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

    本课为一般性学习资料,不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

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