来自 昏昏睡睡HSE · From Drowsy HSE CSP DAILY LEARNING · DAY 172

FMEA 实操 · 概念解析 | FMEA in Practice · Core Concepts

第 34 块 · Domain 3 · 风险管理 · 15%Block 34 · Domain 3 · Risk Management · 15%第 1 / 5 课 · 概念解析Lesson 1 of 5 · Core Concepts

本课只做一件事：搞清「FMEA 实操」到底是什么、为什么考试要先过这一关、它管到哪里为止。

Get clear on what FMEA in Practice really is, why it comes first, and where it stops.

本课不涉及：不展开细节与题目——那是第 2–5 课的事。
Not covered here: No detail, no questions — those are lessons 2 to 5.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

  1. 能用一句话说清「FMEA 实操」解决的是什么问题
  2. 能举出一个「不懂它就一定做错」的例子
  3. 知道本课的边界，不把后续课的内容提前混进来

  • State in one sentence the problem FMEA in Practice solves
  • Give one example where missing it guarantees a wrong answer
  • Know this lesson's boundary and keep later lessons out

    • 图片预览 / Photo preview

    图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时，可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

    它是什么 | What it is

    FMEA 回答三个问题：怎么失效（失效模式）、为什么失效（失效原因）、失效了会怎样（失效影响）。每个失效模式打三个分（各 1–10）：严重度 S、发生度 O、探测度 D，RPN = S × O × D。行动门槛：RPN > 100 或 S ≥ 9 必须优先处理。降 RPN 的顺序由强到弱：先降 S（改设计消除影响）、再降 O（防错 Poka-yoke 防发生）、最后降 D（检测）。探测度最容易被高估：「有人会看到」不构成有效探测——没有探测器具与频次的 D 评分是虚的。

    FMEA answers three questions: how it fails (mode), why it fails (cause), what happens when it fails (effect). Each failure mode gets three scores, one to ten each: severity S, occurrence O, detection D, with RPN = S times O times D. Act when RPN exceeds 100 or S is nine or more. The ranking runs strong to weak: cut S by redesign, cut O by poka-yoke error-proofing, cut D by detection last. Detection is the most inflated: 'someone will notice' is not a detection control — a D score without an instrument and a frequency is fiction.

    为什么先学它 / Why first
    两个坑：①拿 D 当主攻方向——加巡检是最后手段，先改设计；②D 评分虚低——「班长每次都看一眼」写进表里，实测根本没有探测器具。S ≥ 9 的失效无论 RPN 多少都必须处理。
    Two traps: attacking D first when inspection is the last resort, and inflating D — 'the supervisor glances at it every shift' is not an instrument. Any failure with S at nine or more must be handled regardless of RPN.
    它管到哪里为止 / Where it stops
    本块不展开 FMEA-MSR（监测与系统响应）与软件 FMEA 变体，不涉及 AIAG-VDA 新七步法细节。
    This block skips FMEA-MSR, software variants and AIAG-VDA seven-step detail.

    先认个脸 | Terms you will meet

    1. FMEA — 失效模式与影响分析
    2. RPN — 风险优先数
    3. Severity — 严重度
    4. Occurrence — 发生度
    5. Detection — 探测度
    6. Poka-yoke — 防错设计

    这里只要求认得；定义、易混与例句在本块第 3 课「术语精讲」。/ Recognition only — definitions come in the glossary lesson of this block.

    情景自测 | Scenario check

    本课理解Lesson comprehension

    这道题考什么：考 FMEA 三问的对应关系。
    Tests the mapping of the three questions.

    「轴承润滑不足导致过热抱轴，产线停 8 小时」。这句里的「过热抱轴」是？

    'Insufficient bearing lubrication causes overheating and seizure, stopping the line eight hours.' 'Overheating and seizure' is?

    自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题，也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

    动手练 | Practice

    1. 对一个设备做简化 FMEA（5 行）。
    Run a five-row FMEA on one asset.

    学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

    已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

    连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

    进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

    PNG 学习记录预览；可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

    可靠来源 | Official references

    BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

    BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

    BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

    Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

    本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

    ← 返回课程目录 / Back to catalog