CSP Day 173 · FMEA in Practice · Key Points in Depth

第 34 块 · Domain 3 · 风险管理 · 15%Block 34 · Domain 3 · Risk Management · 15%第 2 / 5 课 · 要点进阶Lesson 2 of 5 · Key Points in Depth

本课只做一件事：把「FMEA 实操」的四条要点逐条拆开：机制是什么、什么时候成立、最容易错在哪。

Take the four key points of FMEA in Practice apart: mechanism, conditions, and the usual misread.

本课不涉及：不重复概念定义，也不做综合题——只把要点讲透。
Not covered here: No repeat of definitions, no mixed questions — just the points, in depth.

先看一张图 | One picture first

图解 / Figure：示意图（本站绘制，非官方图）/ Site-drawn diagram for study, not an official graphic.

本课目标 | Learning objectives

按顺序复述四条要点各自的机制
对每条要点说出一个常见误解，并说明为什么错
判断一个新例子属于哪一条要点

Recite the mechanism behind each of the four points

Name one common misread per point and why it fails

Classify a new example under the right point

上传个人图片（可选）/ Add a photo (optional)

图片经过压缩后保存在当前浏览器。导出失败时，可在下方预览图片上长按保存。/ The photo is compressed and stored in this browser. If download fails, long-press the preview below to save it.

要点逐条拆 | Point by point

1. RPN 行动门槛：>100 或 S≥9

The RPN screen: above 100, or S at nine

RPN > 100（满分 1000 的十分之一）进入行动清单；S ≥ 9 属「不可接受严重度」——即使 RPN 只有 36（9×2×2）也要处理，因为后果不可承受。门槛是筛选器不是排名器：别把 RPN 从高到低排完就收工。

RPN above 100 enters the action list; S at nine or more is unacceptable severity — even at RPN 36 it must be fixed because the consequence is intolerable. The threshold is a screen, not a ranking: do not stop at sorting by RPN.

常见误解 / Common misread：误区：只看 RPN 数值。两条 RPN 相同的失效，S=10 与 S=4 的处理优先级完全不同。
Myth: RPN alone decides. Equal RPNs with S of ten versus four are different worlds.

2. 降 RPN 的强弱顺序

Cutting RPN: which lever comes first

①降 S：改设计——把失效的影响消除或减缓（冗余、失效安全方向）；②降 O：防错——Poka-yoke 让错误无法发生（防呆接口、 keyed 连接器）；③降 D：检测——加报警、巡检、在线监测。越靠前越根本：设计改对了，O 和 D 都跟着降。

Cut S by design — eliminate or soften the effect with redundancy and fail-safe orientation. Cut O by poka-yoke — keyed connectors and asymmetric fittings make error impossible. Cut D by detection — alarms, inspections, online monitoring. Earlier is more fundamental: a good redesign lowers O and D too.

常见误解 / Common misread：误区：先加巡检凑数。巡检增加的是「发现的机会」，不减少失效本身。
Myth: add inspection first. Inspection adds chances to find; it does not stop the failure.

3. D 评分的诚实标准

An honest D score

合格探测控制要回答三件事：用什么器具（传感器/量具/目检清单）、什么频次（连续/每班/每年）、失效从发生到被发现的窗口多长。「有人会看到」三个问题都答不上，D 只能按最差 10 分计。

A credible detection control answers three things: what instrument, what frequency, and how long from onset to discovery. 'Someone will notice' answers none — score D at ten, the worst.

常见误解 / Common misread：误区：把「故障后停机报警」当探测。那是后果已经发生后的提示，不是预防性探测。
Myth: count a post-failure trip alarm as detection. That fires after the consequence, not before.

4. FMEA 是活文档

FMEA is a living document

改进后重打分：S/O/D 三列都要复评，写明「改善前→改善后」。MOC 引发的设计变更、事故教训、维修记录都要回流更新。一张三年没变的 FMEA 说明体系没在用它。

Rescore after improvements — before and after for S, O and D. MOC-driven design changes, incident lessons and maintenance history flow back in. An untouched three-year-old FMEA means nobody is using it.

常见误解 / Common misread：误区：把 FMEA 当一次性交付物。它的价值在持续复评，不在建档。
Myth: FMEA is a one-time deliverable. Its value is the rescoring loop.

情景自测 | Scenario check

要点进阶Key points

这道题考什么：考降 RPN 的优先顺序。
Tests the RPN reduction priority.

某失效 S=9、O=2、D=8，RPN=144。按优先原则先动哪一项？

A failure has S=9, O=2, D=8, RPN=144. Per priority rules, what do you attack first?

A. 先降 D，加巡检 Cut D first by adding inspection B. 先降 S，改设计消除失效影响 Cut S first: redesign so the effect disappears C. 三项一起抓 Attack all three at once D. 只降 O Cut O only

自编练习题，不是 BCSP 官方真题，也不能用来预测分数。 / Original practice item, not an official BCSP exam question.

动手练 | Practice

1. 核一遍既有 FMEA 的 D 评分是否高估。
Check whether existing D scores are inflated.

学习打卡与笔记 | Progress & notes

完成 BCSP 官方自测并记录结果 / Complete the BCSP self-assessment 建立公式表与英文术语表 / Create the formula sheet and glossary 完成情景题与两道巩固题 / Complete the scenario and both review prompts 通读蓝图 PDF 的领域与权重 / Read the blueprint domains and weights

已完成 0/4 项 / 0/4 tasks complete

连续学习 / Learning streak: 0 天 / 0 days

进度保存在当前浏览器，不会自动跨设备同步。/ Progress is stored in this browser only.

PNG 学习记录预览；可长按图片保存 / PNG card preview; long-press to save

可靠来源 | Official references

BCSP — CSP Examination Blueprint (CSP11)

BCSP — Official Self-Assessments

BCSP — Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

Pearson VUE — CSP 考试预约 / Scheduling

本课为一般性学习资料，不替代现场专业评估、法规要求或组织程序。/ Educational content only.

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